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BACK
BEARING A bearing taken on an
object behind the vessel
BACKING - (wind) The changing of the wind
direction, opposite of veering. Clockwise in the southern hemisphere,
counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere.
BACKSTAY - Mast support running to aft deck or another mast.
BACKSPLICE
- A method of weaving the end of a rope to keep it from unraveling.
BACKSTAFF
- A navigation instrument used to measure the apparent height of a
landmark whose actual height is known, such as the top of a lighthouse. From
this information, the ship's distance from that landmark can be calculated.
BACKSTAY - Wire running from top of mast to stern.
BACKWINDED
- When the wind
pushes on the wrong side of the sail, causing it to be pushed away from the
wind. If the lines holding the sail in place are not released, the boat could
become hard to control and heel excessively
BAGGYWRINKLE - chafing gear made from old ropes.
BAIL - Ironrod partially circling the boom to which sheet
block is attached 2 To remove water from a boat, as with a bucket or a pump.
BALLAST - Is either pigs of iron, stones, or gravel, which
last is called single ballast; and their use is to bring the ship down to her
bearings in the water which her provisions and stores will not do. Trim the
ballast, that is spread it about, and lay it even, or runs over one side of the
hold to the other
BAR
- Shallow water usually made of sand or mud, usually running parallel to
the shore.
BAR TAUT - Said of a rope when it is under such tension that it
is practically rigid.
BAR - Long, low-lying navigational hazard, usually awash,
found at river mouths and harbor entrances, where it is composed of sand or mud,
and ashore, where it is made of mahogany or some other dark wood. Sailors can be
found in large numbers around both.
BARE POLES - Condition of a vessel when she has no sails set.
BARGE - A long, narrow, light boat, employed to carry the
principal sea officers, such as admirals and captains of ships of war, to
shore.2A long vessel with a flat bottom used to carry freight on rivers. Barges
are usually not powered, being pushed or towed by a tugboat instead
BARK
- 3 Masted with Square rigged on fore and main mast
BARQUENTINE -3 Masted with Square rigged on fore mast only
BARNACLE
- A shellfish often attached to the submerged parts of a vessel.
BAROGRAPH - An instrument used to keep a record of atmospheric pressure, such as on a paper drum
BAROMETRIC
PRESSURE - Atmospheric
pressure as measured by a barometer.
BARQUE
- Sailing vessel with three or more masts: fore and aft rigged on
aftermast, square rigged on all others.
BARRATRY - Any wrongful act knowingly done by the master to the detriment of the owner of either ship or cargo; done without knowledge or consent of owner
BATTEN - a short piece of wood or plastic inserted in a sail
to keep it taut
BATTEN
POCKETS - Pockets
in a sail where battens can be placed to stiffen the sail.
BATTEN
DOWN - Secure hatches and loose objects both within the hull and on
deck.
BEACON - A lighted or unlighted fixed aid to navigation
attached directly to the earth's surface.
BEAM -
The greatest width of the boat.
BEAM REACH -
Sailing 90° to wind.
BEAM SEA
A sea at right angles to a vessels course
BEAMS ENDS -
Vessel said to be "on her beam ends" when she is lying over so much
that her deck beams are nearly vertical. Method used to repair or paint hull
before drydocks.
BEAR
OFF - To thrust away; to hold off. 2 to steer off wind, shore or
approaching object.
BEAR
UP - to steer up to the eye of the wind, shore or object.
BEARING -
The direction of an object expressed either as a true bearing as shown on the
chart, or as a bearing relative to the heading of the boat.
BEARING RING
A ring fitting over a compass and equipped with vanes for observing compass
bearings
BEATING -
Sailing closehauled, tack upon tack.
BEAUFORT SCALE -
A system for estimating wind strengths
BEFORE THE WIND
Sailing with the wind from asterm
BELAY
To change an order. To make a line
secure to a pin, cleat or bitt.
BELAY
PIN - Iron or wood pin fitted into railing to secure lines to.
BELOW -
Beneath the deck.
BEND -
A knot used to join two ropes, lines, cables to one another or to an object,
such as an anchor's shackle. A knot, more properly, usually involves untwisting
the individual strands of a rope for the purpose of tucking them under and over
one another to make a Stopper Knot or a Turk's Head or similar knot.
BEND ON -
Attach sail to mast, boom or stay.
BERTH - Any horizontal surface whose total area does not exceed one half of the surface area of an average man at rest, onto which at least one liter of some liquid seeps during any 12-hour period and above which there are not less than 10 kilograms of improperly secured objects.
BETWIXT WIND AND WATER The part of the vessel at or
near the waterline
BIFURCATION BUOY A buoy marking where a channel divides
BIGHT -
The part of the rope or line, between the end and the standing part, on which a
knot is formed. BILGE - The interior of the hull below the floor boards.
BILGE -
The lowest part of the interior hull below the waterline
BILGE KEEL
A keel fitted at the turn of the bilge where the bottom merges into the side
BILGE
PUMP - A mechanical, electrical, or manually operated pump used to
remove water from the bilge.
BILL
The tip of an anchor fluke
BIMINII
- An awning or canvas that provides shade on deck
BINNACLE
- A wooden case or box, which contained compasses, log-glasses,
watch-glasses and lights to show the compass at night.
BIRADIAL - Sails in which the panels of cloth
radiate from the head and the clew, along the warp.
BITT
- A vertically posted above deck used to secure line.
BITTER
END - The last part of a rope or chain. The inboard end of the anchor
rode.
BLACK GANG - Nautical slang for the engineroom crew. Included the chief engineer, who ran the engine and supervised; oilers and wipers, who lubricated and maintained the engine; and firemen and coal-passers, who fed the steam boilers.
BLANKETED
When a sail is between the wind and another sail, the latter cannot get wind and
is said to be blanketed. One boat
can blanket another by sailing between it and the wind
BLOCK -
A pulley used to gain mechanical advantage
BLOCK
AND TACKLE
- A combination of one or more blocks and the associated
tackle necessary to give a mechanical advantage.
BLOWING UP AND DOWN - A dead calm
BOAT -
A fairly indefinite term. A waterborne vehicle smaller than a ship. One
definition is a small craft carried aboard a ship.
B.O.A.T -
Break Out Another Thousand.
BOAT HOOK -
A short shaft with a fitting at one end shaped to facilitate use in putting a
line over a piling, recovering an object dropped overboard, or in pushing or
fending off.
BOBSTAYCABLE -
Chain or rod holding down the end of the bowsprit.
BOLT ROPE -
A line rope - sewn into the luff of a sail. The bolt rope fits
in a notch in the mast or other spar when the sail is raised.
BOLLARD
- Vertical post on dock for securing lines. Typically mad of timber or
iron.
BOOBY
HATCH - Sliding cover that has to
be pushed away to allow passage to or from a store room, cabin of small craft,
or crew's quarters.
BOOM
- Laterally mounted pole to which a sail is fastened. Often used
during jibing to shift crew members to a fixed, horizontal position.
BOOM
- a horizontal spar attached to
the bottom edge of a sail, riding on the mast and controlled by sheet.
BOOM
CROTCH A board with a notch
cut in one end, into which the boom drops
BOOM
VANG -Any system used to hold the boom down. This is useful for
maintaining proper sail shape, particularly when running or on a broad reach.
BOOT TOP -
A painted line that indicates the designed waterline.
BOS'N
- Short for Boatswain, pronounced "bosun", the person in charge of the
deck crew, and the deck and rigging in general. In the modern Navy the Bos'n is
a Warrant Officer, while a Bosn's Mate is a Petty Officer. BOATSWAIN - Also bosun, bos'n, bo's'n, and bo'sun, all of which
are pronounced bosun. A crew member responsible for keeping the hull, rigging
and sails in repair
BOUSE
- To heave, or haul, downwards on a rope. Originally, and strictly,
heave meant an upward pull, haul meant a horizontal pull, bouse meant a downward
pull: but these distinctions have not survived.
BOWSE
- See Bouse
BOW -
The forward part of a boat.
BOW CHOCKS
Metal fittings at the bow, having openings through which an anchor or dock line
is passed
BOW LINE -
A docking line leading from the bow.
BOW THRUSTER - A small propeller mounted in the bow to push the front
sideways.
BOWLINE -
A knot used to form a temporary loop in the end of a line.
BOWSPRIT -
a long spar attached to the Jibboom in the bow; used to secure head sails.
BRASS HAT - Naval officer with rank of commander or above.
BRASS MONKEY WEATHER -
Refers to very cold weather.
BREACH -
Said of waves that break over a vessel.
BREAKER - A wave that approaches shallow water, causing the wave
height to exceed the depth of the water it is in
BREAST
LINE - A line
attached laterally from a boat to a dock, preventing movement away from the
dock.
BRICKLAYER'S CLERK - A sailor who acts as if he is above it all.
BRIDGE -
The location from which a vessel is steered and its speed controlled.
"Control Station" is really a more appropriate term for small craft.
BRIDLE -
A line or wire secured at both ends in order to distribute a strain between two
points.
BRIG -
is a two-masted vessel with both masts square rigged. On the sternmost mast, the
main mast, there is also a gaff sail
BRIGANTINE
- is a two-masted vessel fore mast being square rigged
BRIGHTWORK -
Varnished woodwork and/or polished metal.
BROACH -
a turning or swinging of the boat that puts the beam of the boat against the
waves, creating a danger of swamping or capsizing
BROAD ON THE BEAM
A direction at right angles to the keel
BROAD ON THE BOW
A direction at approximately 45 degrees, port or starboard, from the
ships head
BROAD ON THE QUARTER
A direction at approximately 135 degrees, port or starboard, from the ships
head
BROAD
REACH - Between beam reach and run
BROADSEAM
- A
seam in a sail, in which the edges of neighboring panels are cut in a convex
curve, so that when they are sewn together the resulting taper in the panels
forces fullness into the sail.
BULKHEAD -
A vertical partition separating compartments.
BULKWARK
- Solid rail along ship side above deck to prevent men and gear from
going overboard
BUNG
- A round wood plug inserted in hole to cover a nail screw or bolt.
BUNK
- a sleeping berth.
BUNTING
Flag material or flags collectively
BURGOO
- Seaman's name for oatmeal porridge. First mentioned in Edward Coxere's
Adventures by Sea" (1656)
BUOY -
An anchored float used for marking a position on the water or a hazard or a
shoal and for mooring.
BUOYAGE -
The act of placing buoys. 2. Establishment of buoys and buoyage systems. Applied
collectively to buoys placed or established.
BUOYANCY
- Degree of floatability BURDENED VESSEL -
That vessel which, according to the applicable Navigation Rules, must give way
to the privileged vessel. The term has been superseded by the term
"give-way".
BURDENED VESSEL - The boat which, in a collision situation, did not
have the right-of-way. See Privileged Vessel.
BURGEE - A type of flag used to identify a boater's affiliation
BUTTY
- A non powered boat usually a narrow boat, being towed by one with an
engine.
BY THE BOARD -
Overboard and by the ship's side.
BY
THE HEAD - Bow lower then stern.
BY THE LEE
Sailing before the wind, with the wind coming from the same side the boom is on.
Dangerous because it can result in an accidental gybe.
BY
THE STERN - Stern lower then bow
BY THE WIND - Close hauled to wind |
